一、 Test 1解析

1. Task 1: Tourist facilities：Map

点评：Test 1居然是地图，无怪乎新春第一场考试（2月14号）出的地图，也到应景。

动态地图，比较符合当前剑桥方出题的习惯。实际上类似于剑5 Test3的静态地图最近几年已经非常少见。其实这种图相对而言更好处理，其原理就像我们玩的“大家来找茬”一样，只需要发现两幅图之间的不同元素的差异并恰表达出来即可。而本图Before和After的差异一目了然，因为只有增加而没有减少：

1） 从北往南：新增Restaurant，Reception和Pier，这三者由Vehicle Track连接，在Pier附近新增了帆船项目。

2） 从西往东：Swimming项目（不易发现），两个大的Accommodation群，左边的Accommodation可由Footpath通往Beach。

考生需要注意的是在实际考试中，题目中出现的元素可能会稍微多一点。

2. Test 2: UK telephone calls： Bar chart

点评：数据量大大突破以往传统柱图。

通常情况下柱图的数据量相对比较少（10-12个），除非是双柱图（剑六Test4）， 而本图却给出了24个数据。

1）对于本动态柱图，首先看三个因素的具体变化：

Local-fixed line:1995-1999平缓上升；1999-2002匀速降低。

National and international-fixed line：持续轻微上升

Mobile phones(all calls): 1995-1999轻微上升；1999-2002剧烈上升

2）对重点数据进行比较：

1995年：Local-fixed line的通话量大约是Mobile phones通话量的24倍（around 72 billion minutes and 3 billion minutes respectively）

1999年：Local-fixed line的通话量达到最高点（90 billion minutes 整）

2002年：National and international-fixed line的通话量与Local-fixed line的通话量基本接近（around 61 billion minutes and 72 billion minutes respectively）

       Local-fixed line的通话量回落到1995年的水平

3. Test 3: Population proportion：Pie charts

点评：非典型性四饼图，与剑七Test 4如出一辙，只不过数据量更少，剑七Test 4有18个数据，而本图只有12个数据，难度系数略减。但值得注意的是本图的第二个时间为2050（将来数据），考生在考试中遇到类似题目一定要记得转换时态。

1） 纵向比较（2000年 vs 2050 年）：

也门：

数据上升：15-59 years（从46.3%到57.3%）

数据下降：0-14 years和60+ years，其中幅度较大的是前者（从50.1%到37.0%）

意大利：

数据上升：60+ years（从24.1%到42.3%，几乎翻一倍）

数据减少：0-14 years和15-59 years其中幅度较大的是后者（从61.6%到46.2%）

2） 横向比较（两国比较）：

15-59 years的人口仍是两国人口主要构成，尽管两国各自的比例在50年后基本互换。

两国都有一个数据变化不大：也门（60+ years）， 意大利（0-14 years）。

在2050年，也门60+ years人口最少（5.7%），而该数据在意大利和15-59 years人口比例基本持平。

4. Test 4: Energy cost in the USA：line graph

点评：非常罕见的六线图。一般我们在考试中最多见到四线图，因为本身线图涵盖的信息就比较大，多一条线意味着增加很多信息。而且本图的具体数据内容与剑七Test 4基本一致，只是增加了一个Solar/Wind。同时我们也可以清晰地看到，本图的时间跨度从1980年到2030年（与剑五Test 1一样），仍然强调考生在考试中遇到类似时间跨度大的图务必在图上标出时间临界点以提醒转换时态。

尽管数据量大，但我们处理线图的本质方法仍然是求同存异，先将分类成几组：

1）Petrol and oil：一直居高不下，尽管从1980到1995有轻微下降和波动，1995年到2005年中等上升，2005年后轻微上升。

2）Coal和Natural Gas： Natural Gas前期与Coal相互交错波动，2013年后趋于稳定；Coal在整体上稳定上升，尽管前期有短期波动，2013年后彻底超过Natural Gas。

3）Nuclear，Solar/Wind，Hydropower：三者有相同的起点（about 3 quadrillion units），Nuclear持续轻微上升；后两者彼此相互交错波动一直到2007年，2007年后Solar/Wind保持轻微上升，而Hydropower在短暂轻微下降后一直持平，始终保持所有数据中量最少的一个（2030年的量与1980年的量基本一样）。

因此，即使线图中出现了较多数据，只要我们能把握这些数据的变化本质，多线图的写法和三线图基本一致。

二、Task 2解析

1. Test 1:=071020

Some experts believe that it is better for children to begin learning a foreign language at primary school. Do the advantages outweigh its disadvantages?

本题核心词：

Foreign language外语

Primary school小学

学英语恐怕是广大中国家长和学生最头疼的问题之一，很多家长甚至恨不得打孩子出生起就送去国际病房由说英语的护士照看。而我们往往忽略了一个问题，即学这门外语要学到什么程度：成为语言学家还是应用语言。而本题探讨的对象是自小学（7-12岁）开始学外语的利弊。诚然，小学生与生俱来的好奇心和在语言方面的天赋无疑能让他们更快接受这门语言，但是在他们这个本应该无忧无虑的年龄段，额外学习另一门语言带来的压力必然会给他们的身心发展造成伤害。

范文：

Under the fast globalization, learning a foreign language tends to be a necessary. Some even advocate that children should start a foreign language since their primary school. Personally, I reckon that this proposal will cause more harm other than benefits to children.

Admittedly, it will be much more advantageous for children to learn a new language at an early age. Scientists substantiate that young kids have already formed the cognitive capability to distinguish the foreign language from their own language, let alone the children over 7 year-old. Indeed, children’s intrinsic curiosity and language gift can make it easier for them to master the foreign language compared with those who have get used to the pattern of their own language. Statistics present that most Swiss children can spontaneously master at least three languages since their 9, especially those half-breed.

However, the hazards brought by this practice might be more weighing. Initially, it will squeeze children’s time for other activities. Indeed, students at this age are supposed to cultivate a variety of interests and hobbies instead of learning a foreign language. Spending extra energy on language learning might not be such reasonable and worthwhile, since children’s spare time is actually limited. According to the theory of opportunity cost, children will probably identify their marvelous potential in other domains with the time which they spend on language, such as playing ball games or musical instruments. In addition, learning a foreign language too early might somehow frustrate children’s initiative. To some extent, language study is not as that simple as some people imagine, especially when relevant exams are involved in the process. Once they fail in approaching it at the very beginning, they may harbor an abhorrent attitude toward any other language, which goes against the initial purpose of the language learning.  

To conclude, I am convinced that starting a foreign language from the primary school will bring more unrewarding consequences. I propose that they can do it when they have stronger study ability.

译文：

在快速全球一体化之下，学习一门外语趋于必然。一些人甚至认为儿童应该从小学就开始学习外语。个人而言，这种做法会带来更多弊端而不是益处。

诚然，孩子早期学一门新的语言相对会更有优势。科学家证实幼童已经具备区分外语和本国语言的认知能力，更何况那些超过7岁的孩童。实际上，相比那些已经习惯本国语言模式的人们，孩子与生俱来的好奇心和语言天赋能让他们更容易地掌握外语。数据表明，绝大部分瑞士孩子自9岁起就能很自然地掌握至少3门语言，尤其是那些混血儿童。

但是这种做法的危害可能更为突出。首先，这会占用孩子们参与其他活动的时间。实际上，这个年龄段的孩子本应该培养广泛的兴趣爱好而不是学外语。花额外的时间学习外语可能并不那么妥当和有意义，因为孩子的时间必然是有限的。根据机会成本理论，孩子们利用学外语的时间有可能在其他领域发现他们惊人的潜质，比如玩球类运动或弹奏乐器。其次，过早地学外语有可能会挫伤孩子的积极性。在某种程度上，语言学习并没有一些人现象地那么简单，尤其是在学习过程中各种考试介入时。一旦孩子在初期接触该语言时不顺畅，他们很可能会对任何外语都抱着一种厌恶的态度，这其实与让孩子学外语的初衷背道而驰。

综上所述，我确信从小学开始就学外语会带来更多不利后果。我建议当孩子们具备更强学习能力的时候再学外语。

2. Test 2:=070512

Some people believe that unpaid community service should be a compulsory part of high school programs (for example working for charity, improving the neighborhood or teaching sports to younger children). To what extent do you agree or disagree?

本题核心词：

Some一些：意味着数量少，比如一学期3次，因此这种公益活动不会占用学生太多的时间。从这个词来看，该观点是合理的。

Compulsory强制的：意味着无论学生愿意与否都必须要参加，这剥夺了学生的选择权，从这个词来看，该观点是不合理的。

因此Some和compulsory在本题中其实是互相约束的

High school高中：高中生主要任务是学习；高中生还不成熟，所以需要锻炼。而从题目列举的公益活动种类可以看出题目主张的公益活动是安全的。

范文：

As the society advances constantly, the topic of volunteer jobs for high school students tends to be increasingly popular. Some people propose that all these students should be mandatorily engaged in such community services. Personally, I am not fully convinced by this statement.

Initially, attending these activities can effectively enhance students’ social responsibility. It is universally recognized that the students seldom have the opportunity to approach the real society, since they spend most of their time with teachers or classmates who possess almost the similar backgrounds. However, the volunteer jobs in the community allow them to interact with various needy groups, offering relevant assistance within their strength. Taking good care of the widowed old men is obviously an ideal example to illustrate here, it will not consume students too much money; what students need to do is simply communicate with those elderly or do some household chores, but it will make the elder happy and drive away their loneliness. Therefore, these students will further strengthen their ability to help more people.

Furthermore, it can boost students’ interpersonal skills.

Indeed, students will encounter people with diverse personality or characteristics during the process of volunteer jobs. Under such circumstance, students should analyze these people’s features and provide relevant strategies so that students can finish their expected jobs. For example, those eccentric people invariably refuse others’ aid unless they completely trust those helpers, which is rather a challenge for high school students. However, school is not the place for students to practice such ability.

Even though participating in proper volunteer jobs is reasonable, forcing students to do it deprives students of their own options.

To conclude, the unpaid community service should be promoted in high school. However, schools are suggested to consider students’ will so that schools can guarantee the validity of these volunteer activities.

范文：

随着社会的不断发展，人们越来越关注高中生的社区服务。一些人认为所有学生必须强制地参加这些服务。个人而言，我不完全赞同这个观点。

首先，参加这些活动能有效地提升学生的社会责任感。众所周知学生很少有机会接触到真实的社会，因为他们大部分时间都跟与他们有相似背景的老师或同学在一起。但是，在社区里的义工让他们跟那些需要帮助的人们接触，提供力所能及的相关帮助。悉心照顾那些鳏寡老人就是一个绝佳的例子，这不会消耗学生太多的钱，学生需要做的只是陪那些老人简单地交流或做一些家务事，但是这能让老人感到开心并驱散他们的孤独。因此，这些学生会进一步加强他们的能力以帮助更多的人们。

其次，这能促进学生的人际关系能力。实际上学生在做义工期间会遇到性格各异的不同人。在这种情况下，学生得分析那些人的特征并给出相关的对策以完成预期的工作。比如，那些性格孤僻怪异的人们通常都会拒绝他人的帮助除非他们完全地相信帮助者。但是，学校没有机会让学生锻炼这种能力。

尽管参加适当的义工活动是合理的，但是强迫学生参加剥夺了学生自己的选择。

综上所述，高中应该推广这种义务的社区服务。但是，学校应该考虑学生的意愿以确保这些义工活动的有效性。

3. Test 3:=090228  

Some people say that the best way to improve the public health is by increasing the number of sports facilities. Others, however, say that this would have little effect on public health and that other measures are required. Discuss both sides and give your own opinion.

本题的两个观点都是围绕改善公众的健康这一目的，观点以认为最好的办法是增加运动设施，而观点二否认这一做法的效果，认为应该退出其他措施。某种程度上说，欲善其事，必先利其器，设备确实能为提高身体健康提供客观条件。但是设备只是外在因素，解决矛盾还是要从内在因素着手，即提高人们的健康意识，推广先进的医疗手段等共同实现身体健康。因此，本题要驳倒观点一最简单的方法就是提出其他也能实现改善公众健康的途径。

As the society advances constantly, both the government and citizens increasingly focus on the public health. Some support that the most effective way is to promote more sports facilities, whereas others propose it would make no sense and other approaches should be involved. Personally, I am more inclined to the second statement.

Doubtlessly, sports facilities provide people with necessary condition to carry out sports activities. The favorite sports might vary greatly from people to people, and some sorts of games do require relevant equipment. Hence, it will be impossible for those people to attend the sports without the proper facility support, especially the professional games. Obviously, people cannot play golf simply in an open field, which will not only frustrate players but also hurt others. Meanwhile, professional equipment can also assist people in monitoring their exercise in detail. For instance, the measure in the running machine can calculate people’s mileage, speed and even their pulse, which help people to further strengthen their health.

However, people might feel reluctant to attend sports unless they authentically realize the significance of physical health. Otherwise, whatever the government provides will be in vain or even become the decoration. To be more precise, the authority is obliged to instill citizens the rewarding living habit first, boosting their awareness towards the sports. Indeed, sports just account for an extra addition to people’s health, since the wholesome living style has already ensured their fundamental health. In this case, it is how people play rather than what they play that contributes to the improvement of people’s health. For example, effectively jogging for a while along with the balanced diet can also help people get rid of various diseases. Apart from that, ensuring a satisfying living environment as well as enhancing the medical technology will definitely enhance civilians’ health condition too.

In conclusion, raising the public health is absolutely not determined by merely offering sports facilities, and multiple methods should be launched. Only in this way can the government realize this target.

译文：

随着社会的快速发展，政府和居民都日益关注公众健康。一些人认为最好的方式是提供更多的运动设施，而其他人认为这起不了作用所以需要其他的方法。就我而言，我更倾向于第二个观点。

毫无疑问，运动设施为人们开展体育运动提供必要的条件。人们钟爱的运动可能大相径庭，而一些运动确实需要相关的设施。 因此，在没有恰当的设施支持的情况下让人们去参加锻炼几乎不可能，尤其是那些专业的运动。很明显，人们不能随便找块空地就去玩高尔夫，这不仅会挫伤那些玩家还会伤害到其他人。同时，专业器材还能帮助人们详细地测量他们的运动。 比如，跑步机上的仪表能测算人们的里程数，速度甚至他们的脉搏，这些能让人们进一步强化他们的健康。

但是，人们有可能不乐意参加运动除非他们真正意识到健康的重要性。否则，无论政府提供什么都将会是徒劳的，甚至沦为装饰。具体而言，政府有责任先给公民灌输有益的生活习惯，促进他们对运动的意识。 实际上，运动只不过对人们的健康产生辅助作用，因为健康的生活方式已经确保了他们基本的健康。在这种情况下，人们如何运动而不是玩什么才真正有益于人们的身体健康。比如，有效地慢跑一段加上均衡的饮食也能让人们摆脱各种疾病。除此之外，确保安心的环境和提高医疗技术必然也会提升公民的健康情况。

综上所述，提升公众的健康绝对不是由仅仅提供运动设施所能决定的，我们还应该推出各种方法。只有这样政府才能实现提高国民健康的目标。

4. Test 4: =041030

Every year, several languages die out. Some people think that this is not important because life will be easier there are fewer languages in the world.

To what extent do you agree or disagree?

本题第一句给出的是一个客观现象，第二句才是观点。该观点认为一些语言的消亡无关紧要，而且题目给出了这种观点的依据：语言越少我们的生活会越简便。

从功利主义的角度来看，本题观点完全是无可厚非的，因为多语言在沟通中不可避免地加重沟通成本。但是如果从文化的角度来看，本题忽略了语言同时承载着文化，语言的消亡意味着这种语言背后的文化也可能会消亡。因此，本题我们既可以不完全肯定，又可以不完全否定。

范文：

Perhaps few people would realize the fact that some languages worldwide go extinct annually, since most of these languages are beyond our approach. Some even propose that we can live more smoothly under fewer languages. Personally, I am not fully convinced by this statement.  

On the one hand, the streamlined languages will definitely reduce the communicating cost between people with different nationalities. Obviously, the language is the tool for people to interact with each other, but the language barrier will somehow prevent people from delivering their ideas clearly or even cause misunderstanding. If people with diverse backgrounds can share a same language, we do have to rely on translators under formal occasions or in daily life, which will realize the smooth communication with almost zero expense. For instance, the preparation of those previous Olympic Games would save abundant money in arranging those documents for all the involved nations if there were merely two or three commonly spoken languages in use.

On the other hand, this statement ignores the potential cultural loss behind the language. Indeed, the language actually derives from the real life under certain environment, and the language users will intrinsically inherit those relevant customs and behavior pattern. In this case, it would be evidently difficult for these people to follow their traditions while adopting another language, no matter how fluently they can use it, since these two cannot match accordingly. Once these people eventually give up their own language, they will probably accept the exotic culture brought by the target language. Even though most of them might do it unconsciously, we will lose the cultural diversity along with those extinct languages.

To conclude, both the government and citizens should spare no effort to save their own language, and, indeed, smooth communication does not necessarily have to sacrifice other languages.

译文：

可能很少有人能意识到每年都会有一些语言消亡这样一个事实，因为绝大部分这些消失的语言不在我们接触范围之内。有些人甚至认为我们在这种少语言的情况下能更顺畅地生活。个人而言，我不完全赞同该观点。

一方面，这种精简的语言必然会降低不同国家人们之间的沟通成本。

很明显，人们基于语言去与人交流，而语言不通会或多或少地阻碍人们清晰地传递思维甚至造成误解。如果不同背景的人们说同一种语言，那么我们在正式场合或日常生活中就不再依赖于翻译，这能实现几乎零成本的顺畅沟通。如果我们只有两到三种通用的语言，往届奥运会的筹备工作会在为所有参赛国准备文件方面节省大量开支。

另一方面，这个观点忽略了语言背后潜在的文化流失。实际上，语言在某种特定的环境下源于实际生活， 而语言使用者会与生俱来地继承那些相关的习俗和行为模式。在这种情况下，让人们一边使用另外一种语言一边延续他们自己的传统是非常困难的，无论他们能多流利地说该种语言，因为外来语言和他们固有的习俗不能有效地匹配。一旦这些人最终放弃了母语，他们有可能会接受由外语带来的异国文化。尽管绝大部分人都无意识地这样做，由于这些灭绝的语言我们会丧失文化多样性。

综上所述，政府和居民都应不遗余力地拯救他们的语言。实际上，顺畅沟通不一定非要牺牲其他语言。

三、 剑九与剑八对比

1. Task1对比：

从整体上来说，剑九的四套题中除了非数据图相对剑八的非数据图稍微容易一点以外，其他三个tests的图表内容都比剑八难度系数大。这可能预示着剑桥将加大Task 1的比重（包括评分权重），所以请考生不能一味只偏重Task 2的复习。

2. Task 2对比

1） 题型对比

在剑九这四套大题中，两套是单边议论文，一套双边议论文，一套利弊分析题，说明剑桥目前重视的仍然是议论文。这一点也能从近几年的实际考试中得以印证：

A类：单边议论文To what extent do you agree or disagree?

B类：双边议论文Discuss both views and give your opinion.

B-2类：分析文：利弊分析和效应分析

C类：分析文：原因vs方案、后果vs方案、原因vs效应

2） 话题对比

剑九加载了两篇与教育有关的题目，尽管我们不一定能从剑桥本身看出2013年雅思写作task 2的题目构成，但我们参照剑八主导的2011与2012年大作文题目可以看出，教育类话题在2012年已经跌倒谷底，在2013年必然会有一个重大回升。

3） 题库引用

相比剑八，剑九的四套题全部引用2007-2009年老题，甚至还有2004年的题目。由此可见今年的旧题出现率比以往几年还要高：

所以为什么研究雅思旧题对于考生应考有着至关重要的作用。

四、 剑桥系列对于考试的实际指导意义：

1. Task 1

在剑八主导的2011-2012年，出现频率最高的是柱图（全年14次，与2010年情况一样），而剑八中并没有柱图。这似乎与剑桥的趋势不符，但我们通过近三年的纵向对比得出结论，柱图已经逐渐取代线图成为小作文的主导，这一点在剑九中也得到了应证。

2012年与2011年小作文构成对比：

而我们通过2013年前9场考试也可以对此趋势进行求证：

在此基础上我们可以推断出2013年全年小作文的大体构成：

因此，请各位考生还是重点复习柱图，线图，饼图。至于流程图和地图，其实相对比较简单，如果真遇到，也请坦然面对之。

2. Task 2

1）2012 年与2011年大作文题目构成对比

2）2013年前9场考试情况：

在9次考试中，教育话题出现4次，占44.4%，我相信教育话题会回归为年度第一出题方向，而其中教学形式将成为重中之重。

同时我们也能通过题目与题库对比情况看出，今年的task 2大题基本紧扣2009年的老题，这一点与剑九的题目构成基本吻合。

3）剑九在大陆正式登陆后的考试情况：